Questions, answered

Swagga MONEY FAQ

The questions we get most — diaspora investing, stock basics, how IPOs work, and what it actually takes to open a brokerage account. Short answers first, context underneath.

Diaspora investing

Can I invest in Nigerian stocks while living in the US, UK or Canada?

Yes, but the path is different from buying Apple or Tesla. You typically need a Nigerian brokerage account, a Bank Verification Number (BVN), a CSCS clearing-house number, and sometimes a Nigerian bank account. Some brokers also serve diaspora clients remotely. It is not done through a US mainstream brokerage app.

Do I need a Nigerian bank account to buy shares on the NGX?

Not always, but it makes dividend payments and refunds much easier. Many diaspora investors open a Nigerian domiciliary or naira account alongside their brokerage account so dividends can be paid locally and then transferred abroad.

Can I participate in the Dangote Refinery IPO from outside Nigeria?

The Dangote Refinery IPO is listed only on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX). Diaspora participation is possible through authorized Nigerian intermediaries who accept KYC from abroad, but you cannot buy it through US/UK retail brokers. Check the official offer documents and speak with a licensed Nigerian broker before sending funds.

How do I send money to fund a Nigerian brokerage account?

Common routes are international bank transfers, diaspora remittance services, or wiring naira through a Nigerian bank. Each method has fees, FX spreads and compliance requirements. Never send money to an individual who promises to buy shares for you — only send to a licensed, verifiable institution.

What happens to my dividends?

Dividends are usually paid into the bank account linked to your CSCS account. If you do not have a Nigerian bank account, some brokers can arrange payment to a foreign account, but it may take longer and attract additional charges.

Stock basics

What is a share, really?

A share is a small ownership slice of a public company. If a company has 1 million shares and you own 1,000, you own 0.1% of the company. Owning shares does not usually mean you run the company, but it can give you voting rights and a claim on dividends.

What makes a stock price go up or down?

Price moves because buyers and sellers disagree about value. Earnings, growth, competition, interest rates, currency strength, news and sentiment all influence that disagreement. In the short term, prices can move for reasons that have little to do with the business itself.

What is the difference between a stock and an ETF?

A stock is one company. An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a basket of investments — stocks, bonds or both — that trades like a single share. ETFs can spread risk across many companies or sectors in one purchase.

What does 'market capitalisation' mean?

Market cap is the total value of a company on the stock market: share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding. It tells you the size of the company, not whether it is cheap or expensive.

Why do some shares cost less than others?

Share price is arbitrary. A company can split its ownership into many cheap slices or a few expensive ones. What matters more is the value of the whole company and how much profit it makes per share.

IPO mechanics

What is an IPO?

An Initial Public Offering is the first time a private company sells shares to the public on a stock exchange. After the IPO, anyone with a brokerage account can usually buy and sell those shares on the open market.

How do I apply for shares in an IPO?

You apply through a licensed broker or bank that is participating in the offer. You fill out a subscription form, submit KYC documents, and send payment for the shares you want. If demand is higher than supply, you may receive fewer shares than you applied for — or none.

What is allotment?

Allotment is the process of deciding who gets how many shares. In popular IPOs, demand can exceed supply, so the offer is rationed. Any money not used is refunded to your account.

Can I sell IPO shares immediately?

Usually not. Shares are often locked until the company officially lists on the exchange. After listing, you can sell during market hours like any other share — but the price may be higher or lower than the IPO price.

Are IPOs a guaranteed profit?

No. Some IPOs rise on the first day; others fall and keep falling. The IPO price is set by the company and its advisers, not by the market. Buying an IPO is still buying a stock, and stocks can lose value.

Opening a brokerage account

What is a brokerage account?

A brokerage account is an account with a licensed firm that is allowed to buy and sell securities on your behalf. It is not a bank account — it holds investments, not just cash.

What documents do I need to open one?

Most brokers ask for government-issued ID, proof of address, a tax identification number, bank details, and sometimes employment or income information. In Nigeria, BVN, NIN and CSCS details are commonly required.

How do I choose a broker?

Check that the firm is licensed by the relevant regulator — SEC Nigeria for Nigerian brokers, the SEC for US brokers, the FCA for UK brokers. Compare fees, platform usability, customer support, available markets and how easy it is to withdraw money.

Can I have more than one brokerage account?

Yes. Many investors use different brokers for different markets — one for US stocks, another for Nigerian or African stocks. Just keep track of fees and tax reporting obligations in each jurisdiction.

How long does it take to open an account?

Online brokers can approve accounts in minutes or a few days. Accounts that require international KYC, diaspora verification or a CSCS number may take one to four weeks. Start early if you are trying to meet an IPO deadline.

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Swagga MONEY is journalism and education. SwaggaLIVE is not a broker, a dealer or a financial adviser, does not sell shares, does not take orders and does not receive commission on anything covered here. Confirm every figure and every channel against the official offer document, the exchange and your national regulator before you move money. Investing carries the risk of losing what you put in.